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LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE - LED
An LED is, as the name suggests, a diode, but in particular a diode that emits light when current flows in forward bias through it. The working principle of an LED is exactly the same as a regular diode, and likely I suggest to read the chapter about a regular diode first if you have for instance no clue what 'forward bias' actually means. In this paragraph, I'm only going to discuss the differences in colours, and how to correctly wiring up an LED in an electrical circuit.
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Differences in colours
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TRANSISTOR vs. RELAIS
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